I should probably begin this post with full disclosure and honesty – it’s taken me over a month to start writing about our last pre-baby excursion and I have no excuse other than being super-lazy these days. Sorry to our faithful followers (read: parents) for taking so long to give you my impressions of perhaps one of the most interesting places I’ve seen in Ecuador so far.
My parents came to Ecuador for a week-long visit in February that coincided with Carnaval. Since their future visits will likely be very grandchild-oriented, Michael and I thought it would be a nice idea to explore a new city with them on this trip. And so we headed to Cuenca, which was amazing (but you already know that because you read Michael’s blog post here).
During the four days we spent in Cuenca, we decided to take a day trip to one of the surrounding sites of interest. It was tough to decide whether we would visit Cajas National Park, or Ingapirca, Ecuador’s most impressive and important archaeological site. Cajas National Park looked amazing, but at 30 weeks pregnant and with my city-slicker parents, we didn’t think it would be as rewarding as seeing the ancient Inca ruins of Ingapirca. So, an easy decision was made and our day trip began.

View from the side of the road - farms, homes, and the morning mist rolling in over the hillsides
Ingapirca is located about 2-2 1/2 hours from Cuenca, so we rented a taxi for the day, leaving at about 8:30am and arrived at just before 11am. The site is quite far off the main road – and involved almost 45 minutes of slow driving up and down switchback dirt roads in the hilly countryside, climbing up to 3230 meters. It was a long and nauseating car ride, but some of the views from the road were breathtaking, and it’s always interesting to see rural lifestyles in Ecuador.

Another view of the incredible landscape.
Only a minute portion of the site could be seen from the road as we approached. My initial thoughts were “Oh God, we drove all morning to get here and we’re just going to be let down.” Was I ever wrong!
We paid our admission ($5 each, I think) and waited for a guide to host our private tour of the ruins. In a very atypically Ecuadorian way, our guide was amazing – she spoke English very well and provided us with a lot of detail about the history of the site and the society of the Incans and Cañari people who lived in the area.
The Cañari were an indigenous group of people who inhabited the area in and around Ingapirca until it was conquered by the Incans in the 15th century. Once the Incans claimed the region for themselves, they and the Cañari lived at Ingapirca in harmony. The site’s history is an interesting blend of these two cultures – and while visiting, it is difficult not to compare their beliefs, values, and ways of life.

Family shot upon arrival at Ingapirca
One of the first sites we came across was a collective tomb that had contained the body of a virgin sun princess, surrounded by a dozen of her slaves. We learned not only that these sun-worshiping virgins were sacrificed to the gods, but that their slaves were also buried alive with them at the time of their death. The bodies were all found in a fetal position, which was thought to be symbolic of their return to “Mother Earth”.

The ruins at Ingapirca
It was really incredible to learn about how both the Cañari and Incan people created systems that eased their way of life – from storage buildings and tools, to irrigation systems that guaranteed flowing water throughout their village, and even a “bank” of sorts, for trading goods with indigenous groups from other areas (the coast, or the jungle, for example).
Both the Incans and the Cañaris had methods of keeping track of days and lunar (Cañari) and solar (Incan) cycles. In each culture, a person or people were assigned the task of keeping time. This was an important task for both groups, as lunar and solar cycles dictated both agricultural and religious practices.
The Cañari people followed a lunar calendar, believing strongly in a female-centred religion that favoured Mother Earth and honoured the natural 28-day lunar and female reproductive cycle. They formed buildings, temples, and other important cultural pieces in circular shapes to represent the moon. To keep track of time, they used a rock with a number of circular holes cut into it at different angles. Each hole was filled with water and would reflect specific constellations at various times, thus indicating the date.

Our guide explaining the Cañari calendar system
In contrast, the Incans worshipped the sun and a male-oriented religion that glorified sun gods and offered them virgin “princesses” to curry favour. Their buildings and important items were all made in a rectangular structure, which were evident in everything they built. It’s no surprise that the Incans used a solar-based system for keeping a calendar. Perhaps most amazing about this trip was that the degree of accuracy with which the Incans calculated time. Ingapirca’s most famous ruin, the elliptical shaped “Temple of the Sun” was constructed in a location that celebrated the solstices and equinoxes with perfect illumination of altars on either side of the building.

Temple of the Sun, as seen from a valley below

Each of the squares between us would be illuminated by the sun at noon on specific days of the year. During the solstices, they would all be illuminated, but during the equinoxes, they would see no sun at all.
Even though each of these cultures’ beliefs were quite different, it was interesting to see how they each developed comparable calendar systems. Each group demonstrated an incredibly broad understanding of science, astronomy, and physics that would only later be attributed to European scientists such as Galileo.
Unfortunately, when the Spanish began to conquer Ecuador in the 18th century, they did considerable damage to the structures at Ingapirca in search of gold. Once they discovered that there was no gold to be found, they left the remains in their wake and carried on. Ingapirca was then neglected for a long time until the Ecuadorian government began to make significant efforts to preserve it. Today, the area is managed by the indigenous Cañari people, who are still actively present in the region.
Overall, our time at Ingapirca was informative and insightful, as well as breathtaking. I never imagined that I would enjoy it as much as I did and I was really glad we had a chance to see the ruins and understand a little bit more about Ecuador’s complicated history and rich culture.

Oink! This guy apparently chased my mom and tried to "attack" her... I wasn't there, so I can neither confirm nor deny

Ingañawi, Face of the Inca - do you see it?

Alpacas! My favourite! Apparently, they were very friendly to visitors, except they get frustrated when children try to ride them (understandable, if you ask me!)

Gratuitous alpaca shot!!!

Goofy Michael - my other favourite!